{"id":7667,"date":"2024-08-04T14:16:27","date_gmt":"2024-08-04T14:16:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dhcreative.info\/staging\/canue\/?page_id=7667"},"modified":"2024-12-18T15:09:13","modified_gmt":"2024-12-18T20:09:13","slug":"pollution-atmospherique-et-sonore","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/canue.ca\/fr\/pollution-atmospherique-et-sonore\/","title":{"rendered":"Pollution atmosph\u00e9rique et sonore"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"7667\" class=\"elementor elementor-7667\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-abd8bc3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"abd8bc3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b65b85 elementor-align-left elementor-widget 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sonore<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7774\"><a href=\"https:\/\/canue.ca\/fr\/amenagements-collectifs\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">am\u00e9nagements collectifs<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7808\"><a href=\"https:\/\/canue.ca\/fr\/ilot-de-chaleur\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">\u00celot de chaleur<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7807\"><a href=\"https:\/\/canue.ca\/fr\/parcs-et-loisirs\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Parcs et loisirs<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7121\"><a href=\"https:\/\/canue.ca\/fr\/webinaires-et-cours\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Webinaires et cours<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8760\"><a href=\"https:\/\/canue.ca\/fr\/politiques-et-pratiques\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Politiques et pratiques<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ffbb966 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ffbb966\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eec4e78 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eec4e78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Qu\u2019est-ce que la pollution atmosph\u00e9rique et sonore?<\/h2><p>Des taux \u00e9lev\u00e9s de dioxyde de carbone acc\u00e9l\u00e8rent les changements climatiques, mais d\u2019autres polluants atmosph\u00e9riques peuvent empirer la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air. Les oxydes d\u2019azote (NOx), le dioxyde de soufre (SO<sub>2<\/sub>), le monoxyde de carbone (CO), les particules fines (PM<sub>2,5<\/sub>) et l\u2019ozone troposph\u00e9rique (O<sub>3<\/sub>) sont les polluants les plus fr\u00e9quents dans les villes. Les v\u00e9hicules sont la principale source d\u2019oxydes d\u2019azote, mais les \u00e9missions de polluants atmosph\u00e9riques proviennent \u00e9galement des syst\u00e8mes de chauffage r\u00e9sidentiels, des processus industriels et des centrales \u00e9lectriques aliment\u00e9es au charbon et au gaz naturel.<\/p><p>Les contaminants de l\u2019air ext\u00e9rieur proviennent de nombreuses autres sources, y compris les autres modes de transport (p.\u00a0ex., les avions, la circulation maritime), les \u00e9missions industrielles, les feux de for\u00eat, la fum\u00e9e du bois des foyers et la poussi\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par la construction et l\u2019agriculture.<\/p><p>Parall\u00e8lement, les voitures, les camions, la machinerie de chantier et les avions \u00e9mettent des bruits qui peuvent nuire \u00e0 la sant\u00e9 des citadines et citadins.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f98ed6a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f98ed6a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1512062 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1512062\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Quel est l\u2019effet de la pollution atmosph\u00e9rique et sonore sur la sant\u00e9?<\/h2><p>Les am\u00e9nagements urbains qui priorisent les d\u00e9placements en automobile plut\u00f4t que le transport actif sont monnaie courante dans les villes nord-am\u00e9ricaines et ont des effets n\u00e9gatifs sur la sant\u00e9 de leur population.<\/p><p>Au d\u00e9but du vingti\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, alors que les voitures sont devenues un produit de grande consommation, l\u2019urbanisme a cess\u00e9 de concevoir les villes pour la marche, le v\u00e9lo et d\u2019autres formes de transport durable et s\u2019est mis \u00e0 am\u00e9nager l\u2019espace en fonction des voitures<a href=\"https:\/\/www.taylorfrancis.com\/chapters\/edit\/10.4324\/9781315584416-16\/role-changing-built-environment-shaping-shape-billie-giles-corti-jennifer-robertson-wilson\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p><p>De nos jours, l\u2019industrie automobile repr\u00e9sente un march\u00e9 d&#8217;un milliard de dollars, lequel devrait doubler d\u2019ici la fin de la d\u00e9cennie<a href=\"https:\/\/healthydesign.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/1-s2.0-S2214140517300014-main.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a>. L\u2019urbanisme ax\u00e9 sur la voiture a un co\u00fbt \u00e9vident sur la sant\u00e9 et l\u2019environnement. En plus de l\u2019urbanisation croissante<a href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/pub\/11-630-x\/11-630-x2015004-eng.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>3<\/sup><\/a> et de la croissance de la population<a href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/pub\/91-520-x\/2010001\/aftertoc-aprestdm1-eng.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>4<\/sup><\/a>, l\u2019accroissement du parc automobile dans les villes est associ\u00e9 \u00e0 une diminution de l\u2019activit\u00e9 physique, \u00e0 des taux plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s d\u2019ob\u00e9sit\u00e9<a href=\"https:\/\/healthydesign.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/1-s2.0-S0140673616300666-main.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>5<\/sup><\/a>, \u00e0 une aggravation de la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air li\u00e9e \u00e0 la circulation<a href=\"https:\/\/healthydesign.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/1-s2.0-S0301479706004075-main.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>6<\/sup><\/a> et \u00e0 une intensification du bruit.<\/p><p>La pollution atmosph\u00e9rique repr\u00e9sente un risque important pour la sant\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre de la population canadienne. Sant\u00e9 Canada estime<a href=\"https:\/\/healthydesign.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/hia-report-eng.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>7<\/sup><\/a> qu\u2019elle est responsable de plus de 15\u2009300 d\u00e9c\u00e8s pr\u00e9coces, de 2,7\u00a0jours de sympt\u00f4mes de l\u2019asthme et de 35\u00a0millions de jours de sympt\u00f4mes de troubles respiratoires aigus par ann\u00e9e, ce qui co\u00fbte 120\u00a0milliards de dollars annuellement au syst\u00e8me de sant\u00e9. De plus, au Canada, les probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 li\u00e9s directement \u00e0 la pollution atmosph\u00e9rique<a href=\"https:\/\/healthydesign.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/Airpollution-heartdisease-andstroke-PS-Eng.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>8<\/sup><\/a> entra\u00eenent 620\u2009000\u00a0consultations chez le m\u00e9decin, 92\u2009000\u00a0consultations \u00e0 l\u2019urgence et 11\u2009000\u00a0hospitalisations. Sur la sc\u00e8ne mondiale, la pollution atmosph\u00e9rique par les PM<sub>2,5<\/sub> est la cinqui\u00e8me cause de d\u00e9c\u00e8s en importance<a href=\"https:\/\/healthydesign.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/1-s2.0-S0140673617305056-main.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>9<\/sup><\/a>, ce qui repr\u00e9sente 4,2\u00a0millions de d\u00e9c\u00e8s par ann\u00e9e et 7\u00a0% des d\u00e9c\u00e8s dans le monde.<\/p><p>L\u2019exposition \u00e0 court terme aux PM<sub>2,5<\/sub>, au dioxyde de soufre et au dioxyde d\u2019azote est associ\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019exacerbation de l\u2019asthme, \u00e0 la pneumonie et \u00e0 la bronchiolite, qui accroissent le nombre de consultations \u00e0 l\u2019urgence et d\u2019hospitalisations<a href=\"https:\/\/healthydesign.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/1-s2.0-S0160412020318316-main.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>10<\/sup><\/a>. L\u2019exposition \u00e0 long terme aux polluants atmosph\u00e9riques est clairement reli\u00e9e<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30419237\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>11<\/sup><\/a> \u00e0 des d\u00e9c\u00e8s pr\u00e9matur\u00e9s attribuables aux maladies cardiovasculaires, aux accidents vasculaires c\u00e9r\u00e9braux, au cancer du poumon et aux maladies pulmonaires obstructives chroniques (MPOC), de m\u00eame qu\u2019aux troubles respiratoires, \u00e0 une alt\u00e9ration de la fonction pulmonaire, \u00e0 un ralentissement de la croissance de la fonction pulmonaire chez les enfants et les adolescents<a href=\"https:\/\/healthydesign.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/ajrccm.162.4.9909096.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>12<\/sup><\/a>, \u00e0 des troubles cardiovasculaires et \u00e0 certains cancers. Elle est aussi associ\u00e9e \u00e0 de nombreux autres effets n\u00e9gatifs sur la sant\u00e9, y compris le cancer de la vessie, la leuc\u00e9mie chez l\u2019enfant, la diminution de la fonction cognitive, la d\u00e9mence et les r\u00e9sultats ind\u00e9sirables de la grossesse<a href=\"https:\/\/healthydesign.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/1-s2.0-S0013935116301487-main.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>13<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p><p>Quant \u00e0 l\u2019exposition \u00e0 la pollution sonore, elle est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 ses propres risques pour la sant\u00e9. Le principal est la perte auditive, mais la pollution sonore a \u00e9galement des r\u00e9percussions sur la sant\u00e9 cardiovasculaire, telle que l\u2019hypertension art\u00e9rielle, sur la perte d\u2019attention, la perte de m\u00e9moire, les troubles du sommeil, la d\u00e9pression, la diminution de la qualit\u00e9 de vie, les maladies pulmonaires obstructives chroniques, la pneumonie et le diab\u00e8te.<\/p><p>La diminution de la pollution atmosph\u00e9rique et sonore peut am\u00e9liorer la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air, en r\u00e9duire le fardeau sur la sant\u00e9 et att\u00e9nuer les effets des changements climatiques, y compris sur la sant\u00e9 physique et mentale.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b4f3c2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6b4f3c2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46d5fe0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"46d5fe0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Qui est touch\u00e9?<\/h2><p>Dans les grandes villes, l\u2019exposition \u00e0 la pollution atmosph\u00e9rique a tendance \u00e0 \u00eatre plus marqu\u00e9e dans les quartiers plus d\u00e9favoris\u00e9s sur le plan socio\u00e9conomique. Ces quartiers se trouvent souvent plus pr\u00e8s des sources d\u2019\u00e9mission. Par exemple, les enfants d\u00e9favoris\u00e9s sur le plan socio\u00e9conomique sont plus susceptibles d\u2019habiter dans des domiciles plus rapproch\u00e9s de la circulation automobile<a href=\"https:\/\/healthydesign.city\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/nihms724262.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>14<\/sup><\/a> et des installations industrielles et sont \u00e9galement plus expos\u00e9s aux PM<sub>2,5<\/sub> et au dioxyde d\u2019azote.<\/p><p>Le Canada a r\u00e9alis\u00e9 des progr\u00e8s impressionnants pour ce qui est de l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air, mais m\u00eame lorsque les normes sont respect\u00e9es, la population est tout de m\u00eame expos\u00e9e \u00e0 des taux de polluants atmosph\u00e9riques nuisibles \u00e0 la sant\u00e9. Et ce sont les populations les plus vuln\u00e9rables qui subissent le plus souvent les cons\u00e9quences de la pollution atmosph\u00e9rique<a href=\"https:\/\/planh.ca\/take-action\/healthy-environments\/natural-environments\/page\/clean-air-water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>15<\/sup><\/a>. Les personnes qui sont atteintes de maladies chroniques, comme l\u2019asthme, les troubles cardiaques et les troubles cardiovasculaires, les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es, les jeunes enfants et les personnes qui passent beaucoup de temps dans la circulation ou \u00e0 proximit\u00e9, telles que les chauffeurs de taxi, les policiers et les personnes qui doivent faire de longs trajets pour se rendre au travail, sont tout de m\u00eame aux prises avec des effets n\u00e9gatifs sur la sant\u00e9 \u00e0 cause de la mauvaise qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air.<\/p><p>Les personnes d\u00e9favoris\u00e9es sur le plan socio\u00e9conomique peuvent \u00eatre expos\u00e9es \u00e0 des taux de pollution atmosph\u00e9rique plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s, ce qui les rend plus vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 ses effets sur la sant\u00e9. \u00c0 Montr\u00e9al<a href=\"https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12889-015-1571-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>16<\/sup><\/a>, la situation socio\u00e9conomique est associ\u00e9e \u00e0 une plus grande exposition aux bruits environnementaux. \u00c0 Toronto, les profils sont similaires. Les quartiers aux revenus les plus bas y risquaient 11\u00a0fois plus<a href=\"https:\/\/www.toronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/8f4d-tph-Environmental-Noise-Study-2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>17<\/sup><\/a> de voir 50\u00a0% de leur population expos\u00e9e \u00e0 un bruit excessif<a href=\"https:\/\/www.toronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/8f4d-tph-Environmental-Noise-Study-2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\"><sup>20<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c7ab31 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"8c7ab31\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6aa806 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f6aa806\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>R\u00e9f\u00e9rences<\/h2><ol><li>Giles-Corti, B., Robertson-Wilson, J., Wood, L. and Falconer, R. \u201cThe Role of the Changing Built Environment in Shaping our Shape.\u201d In\u00a0<em>Geographies of Obesity<\/em>, 131-150, edited by Jamie Pearce and Karen Witten. Oxon: Routledge, 2010. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.taylorfrancis.com\/chapters\/edit\/10.4324\/9781315584416-10\/role-changing-built-environment-shaping-shape-billie-giles-corti-jennifer-robertson-wilson-lisa-wood-ryan-falconer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/www.taylorfrancis.com\/chapters\/edit\/10.4324\/9781315584416-10\/role-changing-built-environment-shaping-shape-billie-giles-corti-jennifer-robertson-wilson-lisa-wood-ryan-falconer<\/a><\/li><li>Crayton, T.J.,\u00a0 Mason Meier, B. Autonomous vehicles: Developing a public health research agenda to frame the future of transportation policy, Journal of Transport &amp; Health, Volume 6, 2017, Pages 245-252, ISSN 2214-1405, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jth.2017.04.004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jth.2017.04.004<\/a><\/li><li>Martel, Laurent, \u201cCanada Goes Urban,\u201d\u00a0<em>Canadian Megatrends<\/em>, April 2015, Catalogue no. 11-630-X\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/pub\/11-630-x\/11-630-x2015004-eng.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/pub\/11-630-x\/11-630-x2015004-eng.htm<\/a><\/li><li>Statistics Canada, \u201cPopulation Projections for Canada, Provinces and Territories 2009-2036,\u201d June 2010 Catalogue no. 91-520-X\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/pub\/91-520-x\/2010001\/aftertoc-aprestdm1-eng.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/pub\/91-520-x\/2010001\/aftertoc-aprestdm1-eng.htm<\/a><\/li><li>Giles-Corti, B., Vernez-Moudon, A., Reis, R., Turrell, G.,\u00a0 Dannenberg, A.L., Badland, H., Foster, S., Lowe, M., Sallis, J.F., Stevenson, M., Owen, N. City planning and population health: a global challenge, The Lancet, Volume 388, Issue 10062, 2016, Pages 2912-2924, ISSN 0140-6736, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30066-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30066-6<\/a><\/li><li>Stone, B. Urban sprawl and air quality in large US cities, Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 86, Issue 4, 2008, Pages 688-698, ISSN 0301-4797, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2006.12.034\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jenvman.2006.12.034<\/a><\/li><li>Health Canada, Health Impacts of Air Pollution in Canada: Estimates of premature deaths and nonfatal outcomes, 2021 Report. March 2021<\/li><li>Heart and Stroke Foundation, Heart and Stroke Foundation Position Statement: Air Pollution, Heart Disease and Stroke, June 2009<\/li><li>Cohen, A. J., Brauer, M., Burnett, R., Anderson, H. R., Frostad, J., Estep, K., Balakrishnan, K., Brunekreef, B., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Feigin, V., Freedman, G., Hubbell, B., Jobling, A., Kan, H., Knibbs, L., Liu, Y., Martin, R., Morawska, L., Pope, C. A., 3rd, Forouzanfar, M. H. (2017). Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015.\u00a0<em>Lancet (London, England)<\/em>,\u00a0<em>389<\/em>(10082), 1907\u20131918. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30505-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30505-6<\/a><\/li><li>Orellano, P., Reynoso, J., Quaranta, N., Bardach, A.,\u00a0 Ciapponi, A. Short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: Systematic review and meta-analysis, Environment International, Volume 142, 2020, 105876, ISSN 0160-4120, <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105876\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105876<\/a><\/li><li>Schraufnagel DE, Balmes JR, Cowl CT, De Matteis S, Jung SH, Mortimer K, Perez-Padilla R, Rice MB, Riojas-Rodriguez H, Sood A, Thurston GD, To T, Vanker A, Wuebbles DJ. Air Pollution and Noncommunicable Diseases: A Review by the Forum of International Respiratory Societies\u2019 Environmental Committee, Part 2: Air Pollution and Organ Systems. Chest. 2019 Feb;155(2):417-426. doi: 10.1016\/j.chest.2018.10.041. Epub 2018 Nov 9. PMID: 30419237; PMCID: PMC6904854<\/li><li>Gauderman WJ, Urman R, Avol E, Berhane K, McConnell R, Rappaport E, et al. Association of improved air quality with lung development in children. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:905\u201313.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1414123\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1414123<\/a><\/li><li>Stieb, D., Chen, L., Hystad, P., Beckerman, B., Jerrett, M., Tjepkema, M., Crouse, D.L., Omariba, D.W., Peters, P.A.,\u00a0 van Donkelaar, A.,\u00a0 Martin, R.V., Burnett, R.T.,\u00a0 Liu, S., Smith-Doiron, M., Dugandzic, R.M. A national study of the association between traffic-related air pollution and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Canada, 1999\u20132008, Environmental Research, Volume 148, 2016, Pages 513-526, ISSN 0013-9351,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2016.04.025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envres.2016.04.025<\/a><\/li><li>Hajat A, Hsia C, O\u2019Neill MS. Socioeconomic Disparities and Air Pollution Exposure: a Global Review. Curr Environ Health Rep. 2015 Dec;2(4):440-50. doi: 10.1007\/s40572-015-0069-5. PMID: 26381684; PMCID: PMC4626327<\/li><li>\u201cClean Air and Water,\u201d <em>BC Healthy communities<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/old.bchealthycommunities.ca\/take-action\/clean-air-water\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/old.bchealthycommunities.ca\/take-action\/clean-air-water\/<\/a><\/li><li>Dale, L.M., Goudreau, S., Perron, S.\u00a0<em>et al.<\/em>Socioeconomic status and environmental noise exposure in Montreal, Canada.\u00a0<em>BMC Public Health<\/em>\u00a0<strong>15,\u00a0<\/strong>205 (2015). <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-015-1571-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-015-1571-2<\/a><\/li><li>Toronto Public Health \u201cEnvironmental Noise Study in the City of Toronto,\u201d April 2017.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.toronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/8f4d-tph-Environmental-Noise-Study-2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer nofollow\">https:\/\/www.toronto.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/8f4d-tph-Environmental-Noise-Study-2017.pdf<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Home T\u00e9l\u00e9charger la page au format PDF Qu\u2019est-ce que la pollution atmosph\u00e9rique et sonore? Des taux \u00e9lev\u00e9s de dioxyde de carbone acc\u00e9l\u00e8rent les changements climatiques, mais d\u2019autres polluants atmosph\u00e9riques peuvent empirer la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019air. Les oxydes d\u2019azote (NOx), le dioxyde de soufre (SO2), le monoxyde de carbone (CO), les particules fines (PM2,5) et l\u2019ozone [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":20,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"full-width.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-7667","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/canue.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7667","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/canue.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/canue.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/canue.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/canue.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7667"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/canue.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7667\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9678,"href":"https:\/\/canue.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7667\/revisions\/9678"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/canue.ca\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7667"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}